Early Atropine Protocol Enhances Dobutamine Stress Echocardiography in End-Stage Liver Disease: A Practical Cardiac Risk Stratification Tool Before Liver Transplantation

Özge Çetinarslan; Sinan Efe Yazıcı; Ahmet Atasever

doi:10.12659/AOT.950166

12 August 2025 : Original article

Early Atropine Protocol Enhances Dobutamine Stress Echocardiography in End-Stage Liver Disease: A Practical Cardiac Risk Stratification Tool Before Liver Transplantation

Özge Çetinarslan^{ABCDEF 1*}, Sinan Efe Yazıcı^{ABC 2}, Ahmet Atasever

^{ABC 2}

DOI: 10.12659/AOT.950166

Ann Transplant 2025; 30:e950166

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Figure 1 Study flow chart. LT – liver transplantation; DSE – dobutamine stress echocardiography; CR – contractile reserve; THR – target HR; PCI – percutaneous coronary intervention. (Microsoft Word for Microsoft 365).

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Early Atropine Protocol Enhances Dobutamine Stress Echocardiography in End-Stage Liver Disease: A Practical Cardiac Risk Stratification Tool Before Liver Transplantation

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