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24 July 2020: Review Paper

Kidney Transplantation in the Times of COVID-19 – A Literature Review

Ashraf Imam ACDEF** , Sadi A. Abukhalaf ABCEF* , Riham Imam BCD , Samir Abu-Gazala AEF , Hadar Merhav ACD** , Abed Khalaileh ABCEF**

DOI: 10.12659/AOT.925755

Ann Transplant 2020; 25:e925755

Table 3 Clinical Characteristics for the 58 Reported Kidney Transplant Patients Who Encountered COVID-19.

Variable (n=58)Value
Age (mean, range)52.69 (24–80)
Sex
 Male44/58 (75.9%)
 Female14/58 (24.1%)
Kidney transplant years age (mean, range)7.68 (0.083–31)
 Within 1 year9/58 (15.5%)
 Beyond 1 year49/58 (84.5%)
Type of donor
 DCD6/58 (10.3%)
 DBD2/58 (3.4%)
 Deceased, unknown16/58 (27.5%)
 Living9/58 (15.5%)
 Not available25/58 (43.1%)
Comorbidities
 HTN40/58 (68.9%)
 DM21/58 (36.2%)
 CAD6/58 (10.3%)
 COPD2/58 (3.4%)
 Obesity3/58 (5.2%)
 None11/58 (18.9%)
Clinical presentation
 Fever49/58 (84.5%)
 Max. temp (average, SD)38.47 (±0.79)
 Chills10/58 (17.2%)
 Cough40/58 (70%)
 SOB33/58 (56.9%)
 Chest pain/discomfort/tightness4/58 (6.9%)
 Flu-like symptoms6/58 (10.3%)
 Fatigue20/58 (34.5%)
 Myalgia9/58 (15.5%)
 Vomiting4/58 (6.9%)
 Diarrhea10/58 (17.2%)
 Abdominal pain/bloating3/58 (5.2%)
 Nausea3/58 (5.2%)
 Hyporexia/anorexia6/58 (10.3%)
 Headache4/58 (6.9%)
 Dizziness2/58 (3.4%)
 Sore throat3/58 (5.2%)
 Rhinorrhea/nasal congestion/stuffiness5/58 (8.6%)
 Oliguria2/58 (3.4%)
Laboratory
White Cell Count
 Median (SD) per l6×10 (±3.4×10)
 Leukopenia (8/35 (22.8%)
Neutrophils count
 Median (SD) per l3.2×10 (±3.9×10)
 Neutropenia (1/13 (7.6%)
Lymphocyte count
 Median (SD) per l0.6*×10 (±0.72×10)
 Lymphopenia (34/43 (79%)
Initial C-reactive protein (CRP)
 Median (SD)49 (±92.4)
 High CRP (>5 mg/dl)36/37 (97.2%)
Baseline serum creatinine (Cr)
 Median (SD)1.65 (±0.96)
 High Cr (>1.2 mg/dL)17/20 (85%)
Initial serum Creatinine (Cr)
 Median (SD)1.9 (±1.7)
 AKI13/46 (28.2%)
Initial D-dimer
 Median (SD)1015 (±2485)
 High D-dimer (>500 μg/L)8/11 (72.7%)
Initial ALT
 Median (SD)34 (±39.8)
 High ALT (>50 U/l)11/25 (44%)
Initial AST
 Median (SD)32 (±13.6)
 High AST (>54 U/l)3/20 (15%)
Initial lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)
 Median (SD)266.5 (±311)
 High LDH (>225 U/l)9/13 (69.2%)

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Annals of Transplantation eISSN: 2329-0358
Annals of Transplantation eISSN: 2329-0358