18 November 2022 : Original article
Altered Serum Bile Acid Profile Associated with Chronic Allograft Dysfunction in Kidney Transplant Recipients
Yamei Li1ACDE, Hua Zhang23CFG, Xinhua Dai1BC, Yunfei An
1BD, Yi Li1AD, Lin Yan1EF, Yunying Shi4EF, Jiwen Fan1BC, Xingxin Gong1BDF, Lei Zhang1D, Yuangao Zou1F, Lanlan Wang1AG, Yangjuan Bai1ADE*
DOI: 10.12659/AOT.937974
Ann Transplant 2022; 27:e937974
Table 1 Characteristics of study participants.
| HC | STA | CAD1 | CAD2 | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 43 | 56 | 51 | 24 | / |
| Age, years | 39.0±7.6 | 41.2±11.2 | 39.3±8.9 | 36.9±9.5 | 0.290 |
| Gender (M/F) | 39/4 | 43/13 | 38/13 | 16/8 | 0.099 |
| Time after Tx, years | NA | 5.0 (4.0–7.0) | 3.0 (1.0–5.0)# | 5.5 (3.0–8.5)& | 0.001 |
| TAC-C0, ng/ml | NA | 5.1 (4.3–6.7) | 5.8 (4.7–6.5) | 4.6 (3.4–6.7) | 0.137 |
| MMF/EC-MMF (N) | NA | 50/6 | 45/6 | 20/4 | 0.752 |
| MPA-AUC, mg·h/L | NA | 60.0±7.0 | 68.7±28.5 | 49.7±19.7 | 0.535 |
| CHOL, mmol/L | 4.6±0.7 | 4.8±0.9 | 5.2±1.2* | 4.7±1.5 | 0.046 |
| TBA, μmol/L | 2.5 (1.7–3.4) | 2.8 (2.0–4.5) | 3.9 (2.5–6.4) | 2.7 (1.9–6.3) | 0.062 |
| TG, mmol/L | 1.5 (1.1–1.7) | 1.4 (1.0–1.8) | 1.8 (1.4–2.5)* | 1.5 (1.0–2.1) | 0.011 |
| LDL-C, mmol/L | 1.2 (1.0–1.5) | 1.3 (1.1–1.5) | 1.4 (1.1–1.6) | 1.1 (1.0–1.8) | 0.513 |
| HDL-C, mmol/L | 2.8±0.6 | 2.8±0.7 | 3.0±1.1 | 2.8±1.1 | 0.208 |
| Statin (No/Yes) | 43/0 | 53/3 | 41/10* | 23/1 | 0.003 |
| ALT, IU/L | 18 (16–27) | 14 (10–22) | 13 (11–19)* | 15 (11–23) | 0.027 |
| AST, IU/L | 19 (17–23) | 17 (15–21) | 17 (15–19) | 19 (13–24) | 0.094 |
| ALP, IU/L | 69 (60–82) | 75 (67–96) | 68 (59–83) | 73 (55–103) | 0.083 |
| GGT, IU/L | 22 (17–30) | 21 (15–32) | 21 (16–27) | 25 (16–52) | 0.488 |
| SCR, μmol/L | 85 (77–93) | 100 (84–110)* | 160 (146–187)* | 270 (255–298) * | <0.0001 |
| eGFR,ml/min/1.73m2 | 99.0 (89.2–109.5) | 76.1 (69.8–85.6)* | 41.5 (35.9–49.6) * | 23.5 (18.2–26.0) * | <0.0001 |
| Urea, mmol/L | 4.7 (4.0–5.6) | 5.9 (5.0–7.2)* | 9.7 (8.2–11.6) * | 15.9 (12.8–22.9) * | <0.0001 |
| Cystatin C, mg/L | 0.88 (0.81–0.93) | 1.15 (1.03–1.33)* | 1.88 (1.64–2.19) * | 3.28 (2.76–4.02) * | <0.0001 |
| Urine protein | <0.0001 | ||||
| Negative | 36 | 29 | 21 | 3 | |
| +/− | 5 | 12 | 11 | 4 | |
| + | 1 | 11 | 11 | 5 | |
| ++/+++ | 1 | 3 | 8 | 11 | |
| Neutrophil, 10/L | 3.2 (2.8–4.0) | 4.5 (3.5–5.8)* | 5.0 (4.0–6.7)* | 5.0 (3.5–7.0)* | <0.0001 |
| Lymphocyte, 10/L | 1.7 (1.5–2.1) | 2.0 (1.6–2.6) | 1.7 (1.3–2.4) | 1.1 (0.8–1.5) * | <0.0001 |
| NLR | 1.7 (1.5–2.2) | 2.1 (1.8–2.7)* | 2.7 (2.1–3.9)* | 4.2 (2.4–6.4)* | <0.0001 |
| NA – not applicable; TAC-C – trough concentration of tacrolimus; MMF – mycophenolate mofetil; EC-MPS – enteric coating mycophenolate mofetil; MPA-AUC – mycophenolic acid area under the concentration-time curve; CHOL – total cholesterol; TBA – total bile acid; TG – triacylglycerol; LDL-C – low density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C – high density lipoprotein cholesterol; ALT – alaninetransaminase; AST – aspartate aminotransferase; ALP – alkaline phosphatase; GGT – γ-glutamyl transpeptidase; SCR – serum creatinine; eGFR – estimated glomerular filtration rate; NLR – neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio. * # & | |||||