14 April 2026 : Original article
Incidence, Clinical Features, and Risk Factors of Early Neurological Complications After Orthotopic Liver Transplantation: A Single-Center Experience
Federica Avorio
ABDEF 1*, Giovanna Russelli B 2, Rossella Alduino BC 2, Giovanna Panarello BD 3, Alessio Provenzani DF 4, Antonio Arcadipane AE 3, Salvatore Gruttadauria ADE 5,6, Vincenzina Lo Re ADEFG 1
DOI: 10.12659/AOT.946854
Ann Transplant 2026; 31:e946854
Table 1 Preoperative features in patients with neurological complications and without neurological complications.
| Pre-operative features | nNC | NC | Total | p | OR |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 167 | 167 | 167 | 0.8536 | – | |
| 73 (19.4) | 28 (28.8) | 101 (26.9) | 0.6053 | – | |
| 75.2 | 72.9 | 74 | 0.7153 | – | |
| 27 | 26 | 26 | 0.7343 | – | |
| 58 | 57 | 58 | 0.2742 | – | |
| 22 | 25 | 22 | 0.0003 | 1.07 | |
| 14 (3.7) | 5 (1.3) | 19 (5.1) | 0.9575 | – | |
| 390.5* | 221# | 299§ | 0.8069 | – | |
| 139 | 138 | 139 | 0.1046 | – | |
| 3.8 | 3.9 | 3.8 | 0.1007 | – | |
| 2** | 2°° | 2§§ | 0.3356 | – | |
| 0.8 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 0.3144 | – | |
| 960 | 890 | 950 | 0.3344 | – | |
| 115*** | 50### | 109§§§ | 0.302 | – | |
| 3.4 | 3.2 | 3.4 | 0.0205 | 0.52 | |
| 71 (18.9) | 25 (6.7) | 96 (25.5) | 0.9495 | – | |
| 84 (22.3) | 21 (5.6) | 105 (27.9) | 0.1116 | – | |
| 7 (1.9) | 1 (0.3) | 8 (2.1) | 0.4004 | – | |
| 33 (8.8) | 7 (1.9) | 40 (10.6) | 0.2091 | – | |
| 22 (5.9) | 5 (1.3) | 27 (7.2) | 0.3737 | – | |
| 15 (4) | 5 (1.3) | 20 (5.3) | 0.9338 | – | |
| 41 (10.9) | 25 (6.7) | 66 (17.6) | |||
| 125 (33.3) | 43 (11.4) | 168 (45.5) | 0.9611 | – | |
| 41 (10.9) | 20 (5.3) | 61 (16.2) | 0.1747 | – | |
| 108 (28.7) | 40 (10.6) | 148 (41.6) | 0.4565 | – | |
| 102 (27.1) | 32 (8.5) | 134 (35.6) | 0.5274 | – | |
| 61 (16.2) | 49 (13) | 110 (29.4) | |||
| 95 (25.3) | 36 (9.6) | 131 (34.8) | 0.5856 | – | |
| 61 (16.2) | 25 (6.7) | 86 (22.9) | 0.5843 | – | |
| 41 (10.9) | 17 (4.5) | 58 (15.4) | 0.5067 | – | |
| 29 (7.7) | 13 (3.5) | 42 (11.2) | 0.419 | – | |
| 50 (13.3) | 19 (5.1) | 69 (18.4) | 0.715 | – | |
| 35 (9.3) | 15 (4) | 50 (13.3) | 0.4665 | – | |
| 81 (21.5) | 38 (10.1) | 119 (31.7) | 0.0564 | – | |
| Higher MELD scores, lower preoperative albuminemia, preoperative history of renal impairment, and at least 1 episode of PSE grade 2 were risk factors for postoperative NCs in OLT. * Calculated on 40 patients; ** calculated on 70 patients; *** calculated on 26 patients; # calculated on 15 patients; ## calculated on 18 patients; ### calculated on 6 patients; § calculated on 55 patients; §§ calculated on 2 patients; §§§ calculated on 32 patients. BMI – body mass index; K – potassium; MELD – Mayo End-Stage Liver Disease; Mg – magnesium; Na – sodium; OLT – orthotopic liver transplantation; Pre-op – preoperative; TIPS – transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt; CNS – central nervous system; COPD – chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; NCs – neurological complications; nNCs – non-neurological complications; OR – odds ratio; PSE – portosystemic encephalopathy; TIPS – transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt. | |||||