02 September 2025 : Original article
New-Onset Diabetes After Liver Transplantation: An SRTR Database Study of Incidence and Risk Factors
Saxiao Tang AEF 1,2, Shengmin Mei BCD 1, Shichao Shen
BCF 2, Li Wang BCF 2, Yue Wu CDF 2, Jie Xiang ACF 1,2, Zhiwei Li ACDG 1,2*
DOI: 10.12659/AOT.949062
Ann Transplant 2025; 30:e949062
Table 1 Recipient characteristics.
| NODAT (n=2973) | Non-NODAT (n=36855) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age: years (SD) | 55±11 | 53±12 | <0.001 |
| Male/Female | 2021/952 | 23651/13204 | <0.001 |
| BMI: kg/m (SD) | 28.9±5.9 | 28.4±6.0 | <0.001 |
| Race (%) | |||
| Caucasian | 2013 (67.7) | 26896 (73.0) | <0.001 |
| African-American | 288 (9.7) | 2878 (7.8) | <0.001 |
| Hispanic | 471 (15.8) | 5001 (13.6) | <0.001 |
| Asian | 159 (5.3) | 1478 (4.0) | <0.001 |
| Others | 42 (1.4) | 602 (1.6) | 0.404 |
| Education status (%) | |||
| None | 12 (0.4) | 90 (0.2) | 0.126 |
| Grade school | 164 (5.5) | 1592 (4.3) | 0.003 |
| High school | 1224 (41.2) | 14199 (38.5) | <0.001 |
| Attended college/Technical school | 757 (25.5) | 9252 (25.1) | 0.661 |
| Associate/Bachelor degree | 526 (17.7) | 7583 (20.6) | <0.001 |
| Post-college graduate degree | 192 (6.5) | 2959 (8.0) | 0.002 |
| Unknown | 98 (3.3) | 1180 (3.2) | 0.792 |
| Etiology of liver disease (%) | |||
| HCV | 541 (18.2) | 5336 (14.5) | <0.001 |
| HBV | 82 (2.8) | 866 (2.3) | 0.166 |
| NASH | 414 (13.9) | 4920 (13.3) | 0.371 |
| ALD | 834 (28.1) | 12055 (32.7) | <0.001 |
| Others | 1102 (37.1) | 13678 (37.1) | 0.968 |
| MELD score (SD) | 22±11 | 22±10 | 0.446 |
| Pre-transplant medical condition (%) | |||
| In ICU | 425 (14.3) | 5201 (14.1) | 0.786 |
| Hospitalized not in ICU | 611 (20.6) | 7395 (20.1) | 0.522 |
| Not hospitalized | 1937 (65.2) | 24259 (65.8) | 0.458 |
| On ventilator (%) | 131 (4.4) | 1526 (4.1) | 0.476 |
| Dialysis prior week (%) | 324 (10.9) | 4226 (11.5) | 0.368 |
| Drug-treated hypertension (%) | 267 (9.0) | 1862 (5.1) | <0.001 |
| Drug-treated COPD (%) | 26 (0.9) | 191 (0.5) | 0.015 |
| Peptic ulcer disease (%) | 24 (0.8) | 323 (0.9) | 0.827 |
| Pulmonary embolism (%) | 3 (0.1) | 33 (0.1) | 0.749 |
| Peripheral vascular disease (%) | 4 (0.1) | 72 (0.2) | 0.660 |
| Coronary artery disease (%) | 17 (0.6) | 126 (0.3) | 0.054 |
| Previous malignancy (%) | 69 (2.3) | 471 (1.3) | <0.001 |
| Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (%) | 277 (9.3) | 3359 (9.1) | 0.718 |
| Portal vein thrombosis (%) | 211 (7.1) | 2309 (6.3) | 0.076 |
| TIPSS (%) | 237 (8.0) | 2356 (6.4) | <0.001 |
| Previous abdominal surgery (%) | 1178 (39.6) | 14796 (40.1) | 0.586 |
| Number of HLA mismatches | 4.7±1.2 | 4.6±1.2 | 0.034 |
| CMV infection (%) | 1913 (64.3) | 22084 (59.9) | <0.001 |
| EBV infection (%) | 2298 (77.3) | 27968 (75.9) | 0.086 |
| Acute rejection episodes (%) | 150 (5.0) | 1671 (4.5) | 0.200 |
| Immuno-induction therapy (%) | 1198 (40.3) | 14186 (38.5) | 0.052 |
| Steroids at discharge (%) | 2525 (84.9) | 27638 (75.0) | <0.001 |
| Tacrolimus at discharge (%) | 2845 (95.7) | 34503 (93.6) | <0.001 |
| Sirolimus at discharge (%) | 59 (2.0) | 784 (2.1) | 0.638 |
| Mycophenolate at discharge (%) | 2433 (81.8) | 31526 (85.5) | <0.001 |
| Cyclosporine at discharge (%) | 109 (3.7) | 1382 (3.7) | 0.875 |
| Hospital stay: days (SD) | 16.3±26.7 | 14.7±19.3 | <0.001 |
| NODAT – new-onset diabetes after transplantation; SD – standard deviation; BMI – body mass index; HCV – hepatitis C virus; HBV – hepatitis B virus; NASH – non-alcoholic steatohepatitis; ALD – alcoholic liver disease; MELD – model for end-stage liver disease; ICU – intensive care unit; COPD – chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; TIPSS – transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent shunt; HLA – human leukocyte antigen; CMV – cytomegalovirus; EBV – Epstein-Barr virus. | |||