04 November 2025 : Original article
Risk Factors for Development of Post-Transplant Diabetes Mellitus After Kidney Transplantation and Comparison Between Older and Younger Recipients in the Early Post-Transplantation Period: A Single-Center Study
Aleksandra Maria Barbachowska-Kubik ABCDEF 1, Jolanta Gozdowska
AE 1*, Maciej Kosieradzki EF 2, Magdalena Durlik EF 1
DOI: 10.12659/AOT.949855
Ann Transplant 2025; 30:e949855
Table 1 Characteristics and comparison of study groups.
| Variable | PTDM (n=55) | Non-PTDM (n=163) | MD/effect size | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex, Female, n (%) | 26 (47.3) | 61 (37.4) | – | 0.258 |
| Age, years, mean±SD | 54.04±12.38 | 42.93±12.88 | 11.11 (7.19; 15.03) | <0.001 |
| Age ≥60 years, n (%) | 24 (43.6) | 21 (12.9) | – | <0.001 |
| Thymoglobulin, n (%) | 15 (27.3) | 60 (36.8) | – | 0.261 |
| Basiliximab, n (%) | 7 (12.7) | 17 (10.4) | – | 0.825 |
| GKS pulses, n (%) | 10 (18.2) | 16 (9.8) | – | 0.157 |
| Month of PTDM, mean±SD | 2.73±1.80 | – | – | – |
| Insulin-based therapy, n (%) | 15 (27.3) | 0 (0.0) | – | <0.001 |
| Antidiabetic drugs, n (%) | 43 (78.2) | 1 (0.6) | – | <0.001 |
| BMI, kg/m, mean±SD | 26.49±4.56 | 24.04±3.90 | 2.46 (1.20; 3.71) | <0.001 |
| HD, n (%) | 52 (94.5) | 152 (93.3) | – | >0.999 |
| PD, n (%) | 4 (7.3) | 18 (11.0) | – | 0.587 |
| DDKT, n (%) | 44 (80.0) | 127 (77.9) | – | 0.892 |
| LDKT, n (%) | 11 (20.0) | 36 (22.1) | – | 0.892 |
| TG, mg/dL, median (IQR) | 203.0 (150.5; 296.0) | 141.0 (108.5; 197.0) | 62.00 (32.00; 85.00) | <0.001 |
| Hypertriglyceridemia, n (%) | 51 (92.7) | 106 (65.0) | – | <0.001 |
| Lipid-lowering treatment, n (%) | 28 (50.9) | 57 (35.0) | – | 0.053 |
| Cholesterol, mg/dL, mean±SD | 208.64±54.40 | 182.47±45.48 | 26.16 (11.45; 40.88) | 0.001 |
| Hypercholesterolemia, n (%) | 45 (81.8) | 101 (62.0) | – | 0.011 |
| Tacrolimus, ng/mL, mean±SD | 11.83±2.04 | 11.79±1.83 | 0.04 (−0.54; 0.62) | 0.885 |
| Uric acid, mg/dL, median (IQR) | 6.80 (6.00; 8.40) | 6.60 (5.60; 7.60) | 0.20 (−0.10; 0.90) | 0.117 |
| Treatment for hyperuricemia, n (%) | 18 (32.7) | 43 (26.4) | – | 0.464 |
| Hyperuricemia, n (%) | 34 (61.8) | 94 (57.7) | – | 0.702 |
| Magnesium, mg/dL, median (IQR) | 1.70 (1.50; 1.80) | 1.90 (1.70; 2.10) | −0.20 (−0.30; −0.10) | <0.001 |
| Hypomagnesemia, n (%) | 20 (36.4) | 32 (19.6) | – | 0.020 |
| Creatinine, mg/dL, median (IQR) | 1.50 (1.15; 2.00) | 1.50 (1.19; 1.85) | 0.00 (−0.10; 0.20) | 0.671 |
| BPAR, n (%) | 10 (18.2) | 16 (9.8) | – | 0.157 |
| CMV, n (%) | 8 (14.5) | 17 (10.4) | – | 0.559 |
| BKV, n (%) | 8 (14.5) | 10 (6.1) | – | 0.094 |
| BMI – body mass index, CI – confidence interval, DDKT – deceased donor kidney transplantation, GKS pulses – methylprednisolone pulses, HD – hemodialysis, IQR – interquartile range, LDKT – living donor kidney transplantation, MD – mean or median difference (with PTDM vs without PTDM), PD – peritoneal dialysis, SD – standard deviation, TG – triglycerides. 1 Groups compared with the test, 2 Mann-Whitney U test, 3 Pearson’s chi-square test, or Fisher’s exact test, as appropriate. | ||||