Invasive Coronary Physiology Assessment for Detecting Microcirculatory Dysfunction in Heart Transplant Recipients

11 November 2025 : Original article

Mateusz Sokolski

^{ABCDEFG 1,2*}, Natalia Oliwia Bernacka

^{CDEF 3}, Wiktoria Zychla^{CDEF 3}, Magdalena J. Cielecka

^{BE 1,2}, Mateusz Rakowski

^{BE 2,4}, Maciej Bochenek

^{BE 1,2}, Wiktor Kuliczkowski

^{BE 2,5}, Roman Przybylski

^{BEG 2,6}, Michał Zakliczyński

^{ABEG 1,2}

DOI: 10.12659/AOT.950138

Ann Transplant 2025; 30:e950138

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Table 1 Clinical characteristics of the donor and recipient population based on abnormal or normal microcirculation.

Parameter	Coronary microvascular dysfunction	Normal coronary microcirculation	All (n=33)	P
Recipient characteristics

Age (years)	40 (16)	51 (13)	49 (14)	0.045

Recipient sex (number of women)	2 (25%)	10 (40%)	12 (36%)	0.443

Body weight (kg)	62 (18)	76 (15)	72 (16)	0.045

Height (cm)	167 (9)	169 (9)	168 (9)	0.542

BMI (kg/m)	22 (4)	26 (4)	25.15 (4)	0.016

Time since transplantation (years)	9.50 [–]⁶	2.00 [–]¹	2.00 [–]²	0.042

FFR (normal >0.8)	0.91 (<1)	0.92 (<1)	0.91 (<1)	0.539

IMR (normal <25)	23.00 [16–48]	12.00 [–]⁹	13.00 [–]¹⁰	0.007

CFR (normal >2.0)	1.50 [1.2–1.9]	3.90 [3–5.5]	3.60 [2.2–4.9]	<0.001

EF (%)	60 [60–64]	60 [60–65]	60 [60–65]	0.892

Donor characteristics

Donor age (years)	33.38 (15)	38.96 (12)	37.56 (13)	0.286

Donor BMI (kg/m)	26.52 (4)	24.82 (3)	25.13 (3)	0.321

Donor sex (number of women)	4 (50%)	10 (42%)	14 (44%)	0.681

Donor blood type	O, 1 (13%);	O, 12 (48%);	O, 13 (39%);	0.095
	A, 4 (50%);	A, 9 (36%);	A, 13 (39%);
	B, 3 (38%);	B, 2 (8%);	B, 5 (15%);
	AB, 0	AB, 2 (8%)	AB, 2 (6%)
Categorical variables are presented as numbers with (%). Continuous variables with a normal distribution are shown as mean (SD). Nonparametric variables are presented as the median with upper and lower quartile. BMI – body mass index; FFR – fractional flow reserve; IMR – index of microcirculatory resistance; CFR – coronary flow reserve; EF – ejection fraction.

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