Brain Death–Induced Systolic Ventricular Dysfunction and Its Association With NLRP3-Related Inflammatory Signaling in a Murine Model

09 June 2026 : Original article

Lei Huang^{ABCDEFG 1,2}, Kevin P. Zbierski^{B 3}, Ye Yuan^{CD 2}, Siyuan Dong^{CD 2}, Jacob Razzouk^{C 3}, David G. Rabkin

^{ABCDEFG 3*}

DOI: 10.12659/AOT.951930

Ann Transplant 2026; 31:e951930

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Table 3 Impact of brain death on ventricular mechanics over time (T), at 0, 15, 30, and 60 minutes.

	T0	T15	T30	T60
Temperature (°C)
Control	32.5±0.8	32.7±0.4	33.2±1.2	33.5±0.7
Brain death	33.1±0.6	32.6±0.8	32.4±0.9	32.3±0.8
value	0.172	0.790	0.221	0.172
Aread (mm)
Control	15.3±2.9	14.9±2.6	13.9±1.9	13.7±2.0
Brain death	13.8±1.8	12.5±1.7	12.3±1.3	12.1±1.2
value^*	0.307	0.088	0.120	0.124
Areas (mm)
Control	8.1±1.9	8.0±1.6	7.2±1.2	7.0±1.2
Brain death	6.9±1.5	7.0±1.7	7.4±1.6	7.9±1.1
value^*	0.253	0.319	0.811	0.069
CO (mL/min)
Control	9.5±3.0	7.4±2.6	6.8±2.5	6.9±2.7
Brain death	9.4±2.6	7.3±2.4	5.9±1.9	5.2±1.9
value^*	0.268	0.946	0.499	0.236
LVEF (%)
Control	64.2±8.1	62.8±4.4	65.9±5.0	66.6±2.9
Brain death	68.7±6.1	59.9±9.9	50.4±7.2	43.5±5.5
value^*	0.303	0.527	0.002	0.001
FS (%)
Control	18.1±2.8	17.1±2.9	20.0±4.7	20.1±4.0
Brain death	22.6±4.8	18.9±7.4	15.9±5.5	14.2±4.9
value^*	0.075	0.591	0.195	0.045
SV (μL)
Control	21.1±6.2	20.0±4.9	18.8±3.3	18.4±3.7
Brain death	19.6±2.8	15.7±1.4	12.5±1.9	10.9±2.5
value^*	0.601	0.066	0.002	0.002
Vold (μL)
Control	33.1±9.1	31.8±8.0	28.7±5.3	27.9±6.1
Brain death	30.4±5.3	26.2±4.6	23.9±4.6	23.8±4.8
P value^*	0.544	0.168	0.125	0.225
HR (bpm)
Control	405±77	406±57	420±53	430±47
Brain death	469±57	437±66	401±73	384±110
P value^*	0.159	0.421	0.639	0.375
Data are reported as mean±standard deviation. aread – area in diastole; areas – area in systole; CO – cardiac output; LVEF – left ventricular ejection fraction; FS – fractional shortening; SV – stroke volume. ^* P value between groups at same time point.

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