iTRAQ- and MRM-Based Proteomics Identify Early Injury Biomarkers for Primary Dysfunction After Liver Transplantation

Xiaohong Lin; Wanzhen Cai; Xitao Hong; Ziming Ye; Yuqi Dong; Shuai Wang; Xiaoshun He; Donghong Li; Weiqiang Ju; Maogen Chen

doi:10.12659/AOT.952366

14 July 2026 : Original article

iTRAQ- and MRM-Based Proteomics Identify Early Injury Biomarkers for Primary Dysfunction After Liver Transplantation

Xiaohong Lin^{ABCE 1,2}, Wanzhen Cai^{ABCE 3}, Xitao Hong^{ABCE 1}, Ziming Ye^{BC 3}, Yuqi Dong

^{BC 1}, Shuai Wang^{CD 1}, Xiaoshun He^{ADFG 1}, Donghong Li^{CDE 4}, Weiqiang Ju^{ADG 1*}, Maogen Chen^{ADEFG 1}

DOI: 10.12659/AOT.952366

Ann Transplant 2026; 31:e952366

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Table 3 Enrichment analysis results for OG, EAD, and PNF groups.

Rank	OG group	Gene ratio	Fold enrichment	P value
1	Histidine metabolism	3.9%	8.79	0.00231
2	Measles	6.49%	3.75	0.00392
3	Amoebiasis	6.49%	3.71	0.00413
4	Transcriptional misregulation in cancer	6.49%	3.39	0.00611
5	Staphylococcus aureus infection	5.19%	3.47	0.0129
6	Fat digestion and absorption	2.6%	8.21	0.0154
7	Proximal tubule bicarbonate reclamation	2.6%	8.21	0.0154
8	Proteasome	3.9%	3.34	0.0175
9	Fc gamma R-mediated phagocytosis	5.19%	2.88	0.0226
10	IL-17 signaling pathway	3.9%	3.01	0.0235
11	Systemic lupus erythematosus	5.19%	2.86	0.0235
12	Mineral absorption	2.6%	3.50	0.0320
13	Ascorbate and aldarate metabolism	2.6%	3.50	0.0320
14	Metabolic pathways	23.38%	1.23	0.0354
15	Pentose and glucuronate interconversions	2.6%	2.46	0.0406
16	PPAR signaling pathway	3.9%	2.40	0.0417
17	Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction	2.6%	2.20	0.0499
18	Insect hormone biosynthesis	1.3%	9.98	0.0628
19	Glycerolipid metabolism	2.6%	2.41	0.0634
20	Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism	2.6%	2.33	0.0669

1	Biosynthesis of amino acids	4.72%	4.03	0.00775
2	Complement and coagulation cascades	4.72%	3.57	0.0127
3	Metabolic pathways	23.58%	1.56	0.0134
4	Nitrogen metabolism	1.89%	10.25	0.0154
5	Carbon metabolism	5.66%	2.82	0.0193
6	Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism	2.83%	5.12	0.0201
7	Citrate cycle (TCA cycle)	2.83%	5.12	0.0201
8	Proximal tubule bicarbonate reclamation	1.89%	7.52	0.0281
9	Arginine biosynthesis	1.89%	6.27	0.0396
10	Pathogenic Escherichia coli infection	2.83%	3.93	0.0401
11	2-Oxocarboxylic acid metabolism	1.89%	5.93	0.0438
12	Glutathione metabolism	2.83%	3.76	0.0449
13	Fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis	3.77%	2.68	0.0613
14	Butanoate metabolism	1.89%	4.34	0.0769
15	beta-Alanine metabolism	1.89%	4.18	0.0821
16	Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis – heparan sulfate/heparin	0.94%	11.28	0.0856
17	Vitamin B6 metabolism	0.94%	11.28	0.0856
18	Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis – chondroitin sulfate/dermatan sulfate	0.94%	9.40	0.102
19	Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum	4.72%	1.94	0.114
20	Cardiac muscle contraction	1.89%	3.32	0.121

1	Metabolic pathways	40.65%	2.69	<0.001
2	Carbon metabolism	12.62%	6.28	<0.001
3	Biosynthesis of amino acids	8.88%	7.58	<0.001
4	Glycolysis/gluconeogenesis	7.48%	7.33	<0.001
5	Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism	3.74%	6.77	<0.001
6	Fatty acid degradation	4.21%	5.85	<0.001
7	Arginine biosynthesis	2.80%	9.31	<0.001
8	Tyrosine metabolism	3.27%	6.52	<0.001
9	Citrate cycle (TCA cycle)	3.27%	5.92	<0.001
10	Amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism	3.74%	4.56	<0.001
11	2-Oxocarboxylic acid metabolism	2.34%	7.35	<0.001
12	Pentose phosphate pathway	2.80%	5.78	<0.001
13	Fructose and mannose metabolism	2.80%	5.40	<0.001
14	Retinol metabolism	3.27%	4.55	<0.001
15	Ribosome	5.61%	2.75	0.00131
16	Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism	2.80%	4.79	0.00133
17	Peroxisome	4.21%	3.26	0.00159
18	Complement and coagulation cascades	4.21%	3.18	0.00191
19	Butanoate metabolism	2.34%	5.37	0.00200
20	One carbon pool by folate	1.87%	6.98	0.00207
value

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iTRAQ- and MRM-Based Proteomics Identify Early Injury Biomarkers for Primary Dysfunction After Liver Transplantation

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