24 May 2022: Review Paper
A Systematic Review of the Literature on Chronic Kidney Disease Following Liver Transplantation
Hitomi Miyata 1ADE* , Yoshiaki Morita 2ADE , Anil Kumar 3DEDOI: 10.12659/AOT.935170
Ann Transplant 2022; 27:e935170
Background
Protocol and Registration
Eligibility Criteria and Study Selection Process
Information Sources and Search Strategy
Data Collection Process and Summary Measures
Data Items and Outcomes
Risk of Bias in Individual Studies
Grading of Included Studies
Study Selection
Baseline Characteristics
Immunosuppressive Treatment
Renal Function
CKD Incidence/Prevalence and Stage
Patient and Graft Survival
Graft Rejection
Diabetes
Risk of Bias Across Studies
Discussion
Conclusions
References
Table 1 PECOS framework.
| Parameter | Inclusion criteria | Exclusion criteria |
|---|---|---|
| Population | ||
| Exposure factor | ||
| Comparator factor | ||
| Outcomes | ||
| Study type | ||
| * Patients were not excluded if they received a previous kidney, liver, or other organ transplant. ** CKD was defined according to the NKF-K/DOQI and the KDIGO CKD guidelines [,]. The classification of CKD was based on GFR (iohexol clearance) or eGFR (abbreviated MDRD formula or CKD-EPI equation) stage in CKD: normal or high GFR/eGFR (≥90 mL/min/1.73 m); mild reduction in GFR/eGFR (60–89 mL/min/1.73 m); mild to moderate reduction in GFR/eGFR (45–59 mL/min/1.73 m); moderate to severe reduction in GFR/eGFR (30–44 mL/min/1.73 m); severe reduction in GFR/eGFR (15–29 mL/min/1.73 m); kidney failure (GFR/eGFR *** Studies were included if they did not state whether or not patients were receiving maintenance dialysis prior to the current transplant, or did not specify when dialysis occurred. Where a subset of patients in a study were receiving maintenance dialysis prior to the current transplant, then the whole study was excluded, unless it was possible to exclude data for patients who received prior dialysis. CKD – chronic kidney disease; CKD-EPI – Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration; eGFR – estimated glomerular filtration rate; GFR – glomerular filtration rate; KDIGO – Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes; MDRD – Modification of Diet in Renal Disease; NKF-K/DOQI – National Kidney Foundation Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative; PECOS – Population, Exposure, Comparator, Outcome and Study type. | ||