24 May 2022 : Review article
A Systematic Review of the Literature on Chronic Kidney Disease Following Liver Transplantation
Hitomi Miyata1ADE*, Yoshiaki Morita2ADE, Anil Kumar3DEDOI: 10.12659/AOT.935170
Ann Transplant 2022; 27:e935170
Background
Protocol and Registration
Eligibility Criteria and Study Selection Process
Information Sources and Search Strategy
Data Collection Process and Summary Measures
Data Items and Outcomes
Risk of Bias in Individual Studies
Grading of Included Studies
Study Selection
Baseline Characteristics
Immunosuppressive Treatment
Renal Function
CKD Incidence/Prevalence and Stage
Patient and Graft Survival
Graft Rejection
Diabetes
Risk of Bias Across Studies
Discussion
Conclusions
References
Table 5 GFR/eGFR and change from baseline for the included studies.
Author, year [ref] | Study arm | n | GFR definition/units | Timepoint | Population, n | Mean±SD GFR or eGFR | ΔGFR or ΔeGFR (from baseline) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lin KH et al, 2017 []18 | 18 | eGFR, mL/min | Baseline | – | 77.3 | – | |
3 months | – | 81.1 | – | ||||
6 months | – | 78.2±27.2 | – | ||||
9 months | – | 85.7 | – | ||||
12 months | – | 88.9 | – | ||||
23 | Baseline | – | – | – | |||
6 months | – | 63.0±20.5 | – | ||||
9 months | – | 66.7 | – | ||||
12 months | – | 66.2 | – | ||||
Chen WY et al, 2017 []23 | 14 | eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m | Baseline | – | 71.4±21.9 | – | |
7 months | – | 65.0 | – | ||||
9 months | – | 78.5 | – | ||||
11 months | – | 73.0 | – | ||||
13 months | – | 76.7 | – | ||||
15 months | – | 62.4 | – | ||||
17 months | – | 65.9 | – | ||||
28 | Baseline | – | 72.2±21.9 | – | |||
7 months | – | 74.8 | – | ||||
9 months | – | 80.75 | – | ||||
11 months | – | 75.3 | – | ||||
13 months | – | 76.8 | – | ||||
15 months | – | 80.45 | – | ||||
17 months | – | 77.8 | – | ||||
Gojowy D et al, 2020 []24 | 130 | MDRD, mL/min/1.73 m | Baseline | – | 98.6±48.3 | – | |
12 months | – | 79.1±29.6 | – | ||||
24 months | – | 76.9±21.3 | – | ||||
Levitsky J et al, 2020 []25 | 28 | CKD-EPI, mL/min/1.73 m | Baseline (3 months post transplantation) | – | 81.2±17.6 | – | |
12 months | – | 62.5±16.7 | – | ||||
32 | Baseline (3 months post transplantation) | – | 81.3±16.2 | – | |||
12 months | – | 84.6±16.0 | – | ||||
Lladó L et al, 2019 []26 | 69 | MDRD-4, mL/min/1.73 m | Baseline | – | 102.8±43.1 | – | |
6 months | 66 | 79.9 | – | ||||
12 months | 66 | 77.2±24.5 | – | ||||
– | 71.3±27.5 | – | |||||
– | 76.6±20.2 | – | |||||
– | 86.2±25.5 | – | |||||
Hong S et al, 2017 []27 | 48 | mL/ min/1.73 m | Baseline | – | 119.6±76.5 | – | |
6 months | – | 85.2±23.7 | – | ||||
Jochmans I et al, 2017 []28 | 21 | MDRD, mL/min/1.73 m | 12 months | – | Median (IQR)68 (54–85) | – | |
59 | 12 months | – | 77 (47–110) | – | |||
Dopazo C et al, 2018 []29 | 20 | MDRD-4, mL/min/1.73 m | Baseline | – | 49±9 | – | |
12 months | – | 58±16 | – | ||||
Pascher A et al, 2015 []30 | 49 | MDRD, mL/min/1.73 m | Baseline | FAS, 49 | 115.7±47.9 | – | |
6 months | SAF, 48 | Median 84.0 | – | ||||
51 | Baseline | FAS, 51 | 102.1±38.1 | – | |||
6 months | SAF, 53 | Median 83.3 | – | ||||
49 | Baseline | FAS, 49 | 105.7±38.1 | – | |||
6 months | SAF, 45 | Median 81.1 | – | ||||
51 | Baseline | FAS, 51 | 100.2±36.9 | – | |||
6 months | SAF, 52 | Median 75.3 | – | ||||
Sharma P et al, 2019 []7 | 93 | MDRD-4, mL/min/1.73 m | Baseline | – | Median (IQR)96.4 (74–123) | – | |
6 months | – | 70 (56–87) | – | ||||
12 months | – | 64 (47–84) | – | ||||
Last follow-up (median 4 years) | – | 61 (47–74) | – | ||||
Lim Y-T et al, 2020 []19 | 54 | MDRD-4, mL/min/1.73 m | Baseline | – | 111.5 | – | |
6 months | – | 77.6 | – | ||||
24 | Baseline | – | 73.4 | – | |||
6 months | – | 65.6 | – | ||||
Saliba F et al, 2017 []22 | 93 | MDRD, mL/min/1.73 m | Baseline | ITT, 90 | 91.4±36.6 | ||
6 months | ITT, 90 | 95.8±27.7 | 0.1±32.6 | ||||
95 | Baseline | ITT, 93 | 87.4±39.7 | ||||
6 months | ITT, 93 | 76.0±24.5 | −11.8±34.0 | ||||
Chauhan KC et al, 2018 []20 | 290 | MDRD-4, mL/min/1.73 m | 12 months | 290 | Median (IQR)60.0 (44.6–75.4) | – | |
24 months | 58.9 (42.3–73.9) | – | |||||
223 | 12 months | 223 | 64.6 (51.2–78.4) | – | |||
24 months | 62.3 (49.7–77.1) | – | |||||
67 | 12 months | 67 | 40.2 (31.8–53.2) | – | |||
24 months | 37.7 (29.6–54.0) | – | |||||
149 | 12 months | 149 | 67.6 (55.3–82.9) | – | |||
24 months | 62.8 (52.5–79.3) | – | |||||
141 | 12 months | 141 | 50.5 (36.4–64.5) | – | |||
24 months | 49.1 (36.9–67.5) | – | |||||
Yoon K et al, 2018 []21 | 11 | MDRD, mL/min/1.73 m | Preoperative | 11 | 130.7±34.9 | ||
Initial (43.9±25.4 months after surgery) | 11 | 106.9±10.0 | Preoperative −initial: −1.8±11.6 | ||||
6 months (from initial) | 11 | 103.3±13.85 | Initial −6 months: 3.6±10.5 | ||||
12 months (from initial) | 11 | 102.6±14.4 | Initial −12 months: −4.3±12.0 | ||||
30 | Preoperative | 30 | 90.6±22.85 | ||||
Initial (46.6±27.0 months after surgery) | 30 | 75.0±8.8 | Preoperative −initial: 3.9±14.5 | ||||
6 months (from initial) | 30 | 76.8±12.4 | Initial −6 months: −1.7±9.0 | ||||
12 months (from initial) | 30 | 77.1±13.1 | Initial −12 months: 2.05±8.2 | ||||
10 | Preoperative | 10 | 56.4±28.8 | ||||
Initial (37.7±24.9 months after surgery) | 10 | 48.4±11.1 | Preoperative −initial: 5.2±12.7 | ||||
6 months (from initial) | 10 | 52.7±14.9 | Initial −6 month: −4.4±9.35 | ||||
12 months (from initial) | 10 | 50.0±14.3 | Initial −12 months: 1.65±9.9 | ||||
AKI – acute kidney injury; ATG – anti-human T-lymphocyte globulin; BID – twice daily; CKD – chronic kidney disease; CKD-EPI – Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration; CsA – ciclosporin A; EC-MPS – enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium; eGFR – estimated glomerular filtration rate; FAS – full analysis set; GFR – glomerular filtration rate; IQR – interquartile range; ITT – intention-to-treat; MDRD – Modified Diet in Renal Disease; MDRD-4 – Modified Diet in Renal Disease 4-variable version; MMF – mycophenolate mofetil; OLT – orthotopic liver transplantation; QD – once daily; SAF – safety analysis set; SD – standard deviation; TAC – tacrolimus. |