17 May 2022 : Original article
Tacrolimus-Induced Neurotoxicity in Early Post-Liver Transplant Saudi Patients: Incidence and Risk Factors
Dema A. Alissa1ABCDEF*, Delal Alkortas1AE, Mohammed Alsebayel2AE, Rawan Abdullah Almasuood3EF, Wejdan Aburas
3EF, Tahani Altamimi4F, Edward Bentz Devol 5CD, Ahmed H. Al-jedai 16ADE
DOI: 10.12659/AOT.935938
Ann Transplant 2022; 27:e935938
Table 5 Neurotoxic agents used for liver transplant recipients who developed ECIIN.
| All patients (n=338) | Patients that developed ECIIN (n=63) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Acyclovir | 14 (4%) | 4 (29%; 8.39–58.10) | 0.3053 |
| Carbapenems | 109 (32%) | 35 (32%; 23.49–41.73) | |
| Cephalosporins | 91 (27%) | 16 (18%; 10.40–26.98) | 0.8752 |
| Diphenhydramine | 168 (50%) | 35 (21%; 14.96–27.76) | 0.3301 |
| Fentanyl | 316 (93%) | 62 (20%; 15.39–24.43) | 0.0923 |
| Ketamine | 4 (1%) | 2 (50%; 6.76–93.24) | 0.1593 |
| Linezolid | 17 (5%) | 8 (47%; 22.98–72.19) | |
| Macrolides | 6 (2%) | 1 (17%; 0.42–64.12) | 1.0000 |
| Metoclopramide | 268 (79%) | 54 (20%; 15.51–25.46) | 0.2267 |
| Midazolam | 235 (70%) | 52 (22%; 16.99–27.98) | |
| Morphine | 8 (2%) | 2 (25%; 3.19–65.09) | 0.6458 |
| Propofol | 97 (29%) | 27 (28%; 19.21–37.86) | |
| Serotonin release inhibitors | 30 (9%) | 8 (27%; 12.28–45.89) | 0.2274 |
| Tramadol | 203 (60%) | 42 (21%; 15.34–26.92) | 0.2565 |
| Tricyclic antidepressants | 1 (0%) | 1 (100%; 2.50–100) | 0.1864 |
| Carbamazepine | 2 (1%) | 1 (50%; 1.26–98.74) | 0.3385 |
| Haloperidol | 57 (17%) | 23 (40%; 27.56–54.18) | |
| Lorazepam | 93 (28%) | 30 (32%; 22.93–42.75) | |
| Pregabalin | 2 (1%) | 1 (50%; 1.26–98.74) | 0.3385 |
| Risperidone | 9 (3%) | 5 (56%; 2.12–86.30) | |
| Olanzapine | 3 (1%) | 3 (100%; 29.24–100) |