06 December 2022>: Original Paper
Changes in Physical Activity Due to Fear of COVID-19 and Its Impact on Depression Among Post-Liver Transplant Patients in Japan: A Longitudinal Survey Study
Satomi Tanaka 1ABCDEFG* , Kimie Fujita 1ACDF , Kanako Yakushiji 1F , Noboru Harada 2F , Tomoharu Yoshizumi 2ADFDOI: 10.12659/AOT.938239
Ann Transplant 2022; 27:e938239
Table 3 Comparison of demographic characteristics, depression, and fear of COVID-19 among inactive and active groups.
Parameter | Inactive | Active | p-value | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
All (n=45) | Male (n=17) | Female (n=28) | All (n=38) | Male (n=20) | Female (n=18) | Inactive vs Active | Male vs Female | ||||
All | Male | Female | Inactive | Active | |||||||
Age (years) | 61.8±9.7 | 63.8 ±5.7 | 60.6±11.4 | 64.1±6.4 | 63.5±6.1 | 64.8±6.9 | .470* | .798* | .274* | .598* | .534* |
BMI (kg/m) | 22.4±2.6 | 22.7±2.0 | 22.2±2.8 | 22.9±3.3 | 23.3±2.8 | 22.5±3.7 | .480* | .517* | .857* | .543* | .534* |
BMI ≥25 | 8 | 2 (11.8) | 6 (21.4) | 11 | 5 (25.0) | 6 (33.3) | .249# | .276# | .288# | .345# | .572# |
Comorbidity | |||||||||||
Hypertension | 21 | 8 (47.1) | 13 (46.4) | 20 | 9 (45.0) | 11 (61.1) | .762# | .900# | .331# | .967# | .321# |
Diabetes | 9 | 5 (29.4) | 4 (14.3) | 11 | 7 (35.0) | 4 (22.2) | .347# | .717# | .378# | .198# | .386# |
Employment (yes) | 21 | 12 (70.6) | 9 (32.1) | 22 | 15 (75.0) | 7 (38.9) | .380# | .526# | .639# | .012# | .024# |
Time since LT (year) | 9.1±5.0 | 10.2±4.6 | 8.6±5.3 | 8.2±6.0 | 7.8±5.5 | 8.4±6.7 | .178* | .223* | .444* | .184* | .919* |
Habit of exercising | 15 | 6 (35.3) | 9 (32.1) | 21 | 10 (50.0) | 11 (61.1) | .045# | .368# | .053# | .828# | .492# |
PHQ-9 (≥10) | 2 | 0 (0.0) | 2 (7.1) | 2 | 1 (5.0) | 1 (5.6) | .862# | .541# | .664# | .382# | .730# |
“I am afraid of becoming infected with COVID-19” | 4.0 (3.0–5.0) | 4.0 (3.5–5.0) | 4.0 (3.0–5.0) | 4.0 (3.0–4.0) | 4.0 (3.0–4.0) | 4.0 (3.0–4.0) | .052* | .283* | .119* | .911* | .718* |
“I am afraid that my medication could worsen an infection with COVID-19” | 4.0 (4.0–5.0) | 4.0 (3.5–5.0) | 4.0 (4.0–5.0) | 4.0 (2.8–4.0) | 3.0 (2.0–4.0) | 4.0 (3.0–4.0) | .008* | .039* | .150* | .614* | .099* |
“I am afraid of becoming infected in the hospital” | 4.0 (3.0–4.0) | 4.0 (3.0–4.0) | 3.5 (3.0–4.0) | 3.0 (2.0–4.0) | 3.0 (2.0–3.8) | 3.0 (2.8–4.0) | .019* | .048* | .250* | .971* | .264* |
“I am afraid of becoming infected while shopping” | 4.0 (3.0–4.0) | 3.0 (3.0–4.0) | 4.0 (3.0–4.0) | 3.0 (2.0–3.0) | 2.5 (2.0–3.0) | 3.0 (3.0–4.0) | .002* | .002* | .287* | .558* | .020* |
* Mann-Whitey U test; # Chi-squared test. Data are presented as n (%) or as mean±standard deviation. Fear of COVID-19 is presented as median (interquartile range). Fear of COVID-19 was rated on a 5-point Likert scale: 1=disagree, 2=somewhat disagree, 3=neutral, 4=somewhat agree, 5=agree. |