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06 December 2022: Original Paper

Changes in Physical Activity Due to Fear of COVID-19 and Its Impact on Depression Among Post-Liver Transplant Patients in Japan: A Longitudinal Survey Study

Satomi Tanaka 1ABCDEFG* , Kimie Fujita 1ACDF , Kanako Yakushiji 1F , Noboru Harada 2F , Tomoharu Yoshizumi 2ADF

DOI: 10.12659/AOT.938239

Ann Transplant 2022; 27:e938239

Table 3 Comparison of demographic characteristics, depression, and fear of COVID-19 among inactive and active groups.

ParameterInactiveActivep-value
All (n=45)Male (n=17)Female (n=28)All (n=38)Male (n=20)Female (n=18)Inactive vs ActiveMale vs Female
AllMaleFemaleInactiveActive
Age (years)61.8±9.763.8 ±5.760.6±11.464.1±6.463.5±6.164.8±6.9.470* .798* .274* .598* .534*
BMI (kg/m)22.4±2.622.7±2.022.2±2.822.9±3.323.3±2.822.5±3.7.480* .517* .857* .543* .534*
BMI ≥2582 (11.8)6 (21.4)115 (25.0)6 (33.3).249# .276# .288# .345# .572#
Comorbidity
Hypertension218 (47.1)13 (46.4)209 (45.0)11 (61.1).762# .900# .331# .967# .321#
Diabetes95 (29.4)4 (14.3)117 (35.0)4 (22.2).347# .717# .378# .198# .386#
Employment (yes)2112 (70.6)9 (32.1)2215 (75.0)7 (38.9).380# .526# .639# .012# .024#
Time since LT (year)9.1±5.010.2±4.68.6±5.38.2±6.07.8±5.58.4±6.7.178* .223* .444* .184* .919*
Habit of exercising156 (35.3)9 (32.1)2110 (50.0)11 (61.1).045# .368# .053# .828# .492#
PHQ-9 (≥10)20 (0.0)2 (7.1)21 (5.0)1 (5.6).862# .541# .664# .382# .730#
“I am afraid of becoming infected with COVID-19”4.0 (3.0–5.0)4.0 (3.5–5.0)4.0 (3.0–5.0)4.0 (3.0–4.0)4.0 (3.0–4.0)4.0 (3.0–4.0).052* .283* .119* .911* .718*
“I am afraid that my medication could worsen an infection with COVID-19”4.0 (4.0–5.0)4.0 (3.5–5.0)4.0 (4.0–5.0)4.0 (2.8–4.0)3.0 (2.0–4.0)4.0 (3.0–4.0).008* .039* .150* .614* .099*
“I am afraid of becoming infected in the hospital”4.0 (3.0–4.0)4.0 (3.0–4.0)3.5 (3.0–4.0)3.0 (2.0–4.0)3.0 (2.0–3.8)3.0 (2.8–4.0).019* .048* .250* .971* .264*
“I am afraid of becoming infected while shopping”4.0 (3.0–4.0)3.0 (3.0–4.0)4.0 (3.0–4.0)3.0 (2.0–3.0)2.5 (2.0–3.0)3.0 (3.0–4.0).002* .002* .287* .558* .020*
* Mann-Whitey U test;
# Chi-squared test.
Data are presented as n (%) or as mean±standard deviation. Fear of COVID-19 is presented as median (interquartile range). Fear of COVID-19 was rated on a 5-point Likert scale: 1=disagree, 2=somewhat disagree, 3=neutral, 4=somewhat agree, 5=agree.

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Annals of Transplantation eISSN: 2329-0358
Annals of Transplantation eISSN: 2329-0358