Background: Although impact of diabetes mellitus after solid organ transplantation is a broadly investigated issue, a potential impact of early hyperglycemia after renal transplantation has not received enough consideration. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the potential impact of early hyperglycemia on the hazards of infections development leading to re-hospitalization.
Material/Methods: We evaluated 1931 non diabetic renal allograft recipients, undergone renal transplantation at the Baqiyatallah Hospital, Tehran from 1984 to 2006. Level of hyperglycemia was defined at 126 mg/dL. Patients who had at least two glucose concentration results over the mentioned level in two different days during their early post transplantation period were determined as hyperglycemic.
Results: Overall, 7.6% of patients were determined as having early post stransplant hyperglycemia. Multivariable hazard analysis using Cox regression model showed that early post transplantation hyperglycemia has an independent impact on rehospitalization of non-diabetic kidney allograft recipients for developing infectious diseases.
Conclusions: Regarding findings of our study and previous studies we conclude that renal transplant recipients who develop hyperglycemia during their early post transplantation period should receive higher amount of attention over their follow up periods.

Keywords: Hyperglycemia - complications, after renal transplantation, Infection, Iran