Background: Kidney transplantation is the treatment of choice for patients with end-stage renal disease. Lymphocele is the most common perirenal fluid collection after transplantation. The source of lymphatic leak may be the kidney allograft itself or extensive iliac fosse dissection. Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the incidence of lymphocele associated with renal transplantation in our centre.
Material/Methods: One hundred and seventy two patients received cadaveric renal transplants between January 1[sup]st[/sup], 2006 and August 31[sup]st[/sup], 2008. Data on donors, recipients and operative technique was collected. Number of lymphatic leaks was analysed. The follow-up was completed on November 30[sup]th[/sup], 2008. All patients were followed-up for three to thirty five months.
Results: Average 1-year graft survival was 86.9% for the whole group and the mean creatinine concentration was 1.58 ml/dl. One case of primary nonfunction was observed (0.6%). Lymphocele were found in 15 cases (8.8%). Three cases were managed with percutaneous aspiration. In 12 cases (7.0%) surgical intervention was necessary. All were treated with internal drainage (marsupialisation into the peritoneum) with a success rate of 80%. Three patients needed to be re-operated on due to lymphocele recurrence.
Conclusions: The incidence of lymphocele in our centre is 8.8%. It is usually treated with internal surgical drainage with success.

Keywords: Kidney Transplantation