Background: Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is a one of the common infections in the simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation (SPKTX).
Material/Methods: The study covered 26 adult patients undergoing SPKTX
transplantation between September 2001 and December 2006. All the patients were followed prospectively for urinary tract infections from the SPKTX date and during the first four weeks after the surgery. Samples of urine were investigated for bacteriological cultures. The microorganisms were cultured and identified in accordance with standard bacteriological procedures. Susceptibility testing was carried out using Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) procedures.
Results: Urine specimens were examined in 26 recipients (100%) during the first month after transplantation, 77 urine samples were investigated. Among the bacterial strains isolated in the early period after SPKTX (n = 30), the most common were Gram-positive bacteria (53.3%) with domination of enterococci (75%) with presence of high level aminoglycoside resistant strains - HLAR (58.3%) and vancomycin resistant strains - VRE (25%). Gram-negative bacteria comprised (46.7%) of positive cultures.
Conclusions: In our study dominated entrococci comprising 75% of Gram(+)
isolates. The increased proportion of isolation MDR bacteria to antimicrobial agents may be due to the frequent use of these agents for prophylaxis of bacterial infections in patients. MDR strains can cause severe UTI's in patients after SPKTX.

Keywords: Pancreas Transplantation