Background: Transplantation is an acknowledged and effective method of
treatment of organ insufficiency. But despite great medical achievements,
several sociological and psychological qualms among potential recipients are observed. The aim of the study was identification of patients' problems related to kidney transplantation (KTx).
Material/Methods: 100 patients after KTx were involved in survey questionnaire performed in Department of General, Vascular and Transplant Surgery. In the analyzed group there were 42 females and 58 males between 18 to 63 years of age (mean 40 years).
Results: Problems raised by patients were divided into: economically-professional, psychological and family. Decrease of earnings associated with the need to change work character and place was the most important economical problem. Psychological problems were raised by 29% of patients. They were afraid about the effects of the treatment, the graft rejection and side effects of immunosuppressant drugs. Other mentioned problems were: necessity of systematic medical controls, taking drugs and decrease of immunological response. 14% of patients did not accept transplanted kidney. 71% of patients considered appropriate to consult a psychologist before and after KTx.
Conclusions: Most of patients' problems before as well as after kidney transplantation are an effect of insufficient psychological preparation to KTx Patient should be provided with psychological care not only on transplantation ward, but also after discharge from the hospital.

Keywords: Transplantation, Organ Perfusion, Donor, Recipient