Background: Kidney transplantation alone in Primary Hyperoxaluria is associated with a high rate of recurrence and in many cases early graft loss. Liver transplantation offers the possibility of correcting the metabolic defect.
Material/Methods: A retrospective review of five cases of Primary Hyperoxaluria managed at a major transplant unit was performed.
Results: The 5 patients had a mean age of 32.2 years (range 28–40) at time of first transplantation. 3 patients had kidney only transplants (one live donor, 2 deceased donor) and 2 had segmental liver followed by delayed kidney transplantation. All 3 kidney alone failed and one is now awaiting a live donor transplant, one underwent kidney alone retransplantation (failed 5 years later) and one had a combined deceased donor liver and kidney transplantation (remains well at 4 years). The 2 segmental liver sequential kidney transplant recipients remain well at 1 year and 3 years.
Conclusions: Combined liver-kidney transplantation may be a better choice as the primary transplant procedure. The indication and timing for pre-emptive liver or liver followed by delayed kidney transplantation remains a matter of debate.

Keywords: Liver transplantaion, combined kidney and liver transplantation, primary hyperoxaluria, primary hyperoxaluria type 1