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31 December 2012

The status of dental and jaw bones in children and adolescents after kidney and liver transplantation

Dorota Olczak-KowalczykABCDEF, Dariusz GozdowskiCDEF, Joanna PawłowskaBDEF, Ryszard GrendaBDEF

DOI: 10.12659/AOT.883697

Ann Transplant 2012; 17(4): 72-81

Abstract

Background: Systemic complications in patients after renal or liver transplantation may be localized in the oral cavity. Calcium-phosphate disturbances may affect the structure and metabolism of mandible bones, promote calcification of dental pulp, and in children may cause developmental defects of teeth.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of dental and bone abnormalities in children and adolescents after kidney and liver transplantation with respect to the type of the transplanted organ and maintenance immunosuppression.
Material/Methods: Overall, 23 kidney and 25 liver recipients (mean age: 13.95±4.2 yrs) were evaluated. Twenty patients received ciclosporin A (CsA) and 28 tacrolimus (TAC). Twenty-one kidney and 14 liver recipients were treated with steroids. Mean time after transplantation was 3.62±2.98 years.
Results: The severity of caries and percentage of odontogenic abnormalities (76.0% vs. 60.86%) was higher in liver transplant recipients. Positive correlations were found between discoloration of the deciduous teeth and liver transplantation, between enamel hypoplasia and kidney transplantation, and between treatment with CsA and its dose and blood concentration (p<0.05). Pulp stones were present in 13.04% of kidney vs. 8.0% in liver recipients, more often in those treated with CsA than with TAC. Jaw bone abnormalities were present in 30.43% kidney recipients vs. 12% liver recipients.
Conclusions: Both kidney and liver recipients present dental and bone abnormalities. The incidence of specific types of oral lesions is different in renal and liver graft recipients; however, it is also correlated with specific immunosuppression.

Keywords: Solid Organ Transplantation, corticosteroids, dental abnormalities, pulp stones, bone abnormalities

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Annals of Transplantation eISSN: 2329-0358
Annals of Transplantation eISSN: 2329-0358