BACKGROUND: Evidence relating to early everolimus use after liver transplantation remains limited.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: Ninety-one adult patients undergoing liver transplantation at our center during 2007–2012 in whom everolimus therapy was initiated <3 months post-transplant were analyzed retrospectively. Everolimus was started on days 1–5 in 50 patients (group 1) and after day 5 in 41 patients (group 2). Most patients continued to receive low-dose cyclosporine (59.3%, target 50–80 ng/ml) or low-dose tacrolimus (25.3%; target 3–5 ng/ml). Mean follow-up was 4.6 years.

RESULTS: One-, three- and five-year patient survival rates were 80.5%, 74.2%, and 70.5%, respectively, and did not differ between groups 1 and 2. Six patients (6.6%) developed biopsy-proven acute rejection after a median of 47 days (range 27–356 days). Everolimus was discontinued due to adverse events in 21 patients (23.1%). Incisional hernia repair occurred in 14.0% and 9.4% of patients in group 1 and 2, respectively. Renal function remained stable during follow-up, despite poor baseline function.

CONCLUSIONS: Everolimus with very low-dose calcineurin inhibitor given immediately after liver transplantation appears safe and effective, achieving a low rejection rate with well-preserved renal function.

Keywords: Cyclosporine, Immunosuppressive Agents, Liver Transplantation, Tacrolimus