23 June 2026 : Original article
Development and Validation of an Early Post-Liver Transplant Activity Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Questionnaire for Intensive Care Unit Nurses: A Multicenter Study
Shuo Li ACEF 1, Lixia Zhong BDF 2, Yulin Zheng BDF 3, Yanhong Jin BDF 4*DOI: 10.12659/AOT.952175
Ann Transplant 2026; 31:e952175
Abstract
BACKGROUND: We developed and validated a questionnaire assessing intensive care unit (ICU) nurses’ knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) regarding early mobilization of patients who are critically ill following liver transplantation.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: Using KAP theory, an initial questionnaire was formed via a literature review, Delphi expert consultation, and pre-survey. In January 2024, ICU nurses from 7 Chinese tertiary hospitals conducting liver transplants were surveyed, yielding 334 valid responses.
RESULTS: The Early Activity Assessment Tools for ICU Nurses after Liver Transplantation Based on the Theory of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice contains 3 dimensions and 40 entries, including 17 entries in the knowledge dimension, 10 entries in the attitude dimension, and 13 entries in the practice dimension. The content validity index (CVI) of the questionnaire was 0.937, and the CVI of each entry ranged from 0.800 to 1.000. The exploratory factor analysis extracted 3 male factors, accounting for a cumulative variance contribution of 86.852%. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of the questionnaire was 0.976, the folded half reliability was 0.772, and the retest reliability was 0.784.
CONCLUSIONS: The reliability of the Early Activity Assessment Tools for ICU Nurses after Liver Transplantation Based on the Theory of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice is good, and the tool can support the preliminary verification of the knowledge, attitude, and practice level of ICU nurses on early activities of patients who are critically ill following liver transplantation.
Keywords: Liver Transplantation, Nurse Clinicians, Knowledge, Reproducibility of Results
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